The correct option is D Of all five cities, San Francisco gained the largest total number of people from 1850 to 1860.
The chart suggests the population of San Francisco had gained the largest population between the years 1850 to 1860. Thus, option D is the correct answer. There is no indication of the entire country growing, therefore, option A is incorrect. The chart doesn't mention the geographical location of San Francisco, which would suggest it being the largest city, neither is there any direct reference to the eastern cities losing population. Hence, options B and C are also incorrect.