The correct option is D Acid rain
The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife. As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes.
Plant life in areas where acid rain is common may grow more slowly or die as a result of soil acidification. These effects occur because acid rain leaches many of the existing soil nutrients from the soil. The number of micro-organisms present in the soil also decreases as the soil becomes more acidic.
Acid rain can also change the composition of soil and bodies of water, making them uninhabitable for local animals and plants. For example, healthy lakes have a pH of 6.5 or higher. As acid rain raises the level of acidity, fish tend to die off. Most fish species can't survive a water pH of below 5.
Acid rain can ruin buildings and statues by stripping away the material and corroding metal that makes up these structures. Architects chose limestone, marble, steel and brass as durable materials intended to resist the elements.
Hence , as we see all are the effects of acid rain .
Therefore , option (d) is correct .