In 1907 Bharathiyar participated in the Surat conference, supported the demand for swaraj along with Tilak and Aurobindo. In April 1907, he became the editor of the Tamil weekly 'India'. At the same time he also edited the English newspaper 'Bala Bharatham'.
In Madras, in 1908, he organized a huge public meeting to celebrate 'Swaraj Day'. His poems 'Vande Matharam', 'Enthaiyum Thayum', Jaya Bharatham, were printed and distributed free to the Tamil People.
He gave evidence in the case which had been instituted by the British against 'Kappalotiya Thamizhan', V.O. Chidambaram Pillai. In the same year the proprietor of 'India' was arrested in Madras. Faced with the prospect of arrest, Bharathiyar escaped to Pondicherry which was under the French rule. From there he edited and published the dailies, weekly and monthly. But the British banned them in India in 1909.
After the world war I, Bharat entered British India near cuddalore in November 1918. He was arrested and released after three weeks in custody. Those were the years of hardship and poverty. Bharathiyar resumed editorship of swadesha mithren in Madras. He passed away on September 11, 1921. Today, more than 90 years later, Subramanya Bharathi stands an undying symbol not only of a vibrant Tamil nationalism but also of the unity that is India.