Definition :
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen consumed in one litre of water by microorganisms while they oxidise the organic matter at a specific temperature
Measurement:
BOD indirectly measures the amount of organic matter present in the water sample. More the BOD, the more organic matter present in it and therefore it is more polluted. It is commonly expressed as milligrams of oxygen consumed per litre of the sample.
Final answer: d. oxygen consumption