By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is $C_{3}$ or $C_{4}$ ? Explain.

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Solution

$C_{4}$ plants have the special type of leaf anatomy called Kranz anatomy. This cellular structure differs $C_{4}$ plants from $C_{3}$ plants. $C_{4}$ plants have two types of cells i.e., mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells, which are required for $C_{4}$ pathway. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of $C_{4}$ plants are called bundle sheath cells. These cells are only present in $C_{4}$ plants. These cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterised by having a large number of dimorphic chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no intercellular spaces. Due to Kranz anatomy, photorespiration does not occur in $C_{4}$ plants.

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By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is C3 or C4? Explain.

By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is $C_{3}$ or $C_{4}$ ? Explain.