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Question

By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is C3 or C4? Explain.

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Solution

C4 plants have the special type of leaf anatomy called Kranz anatomy. This cellular structure differs C4 plants from C3 plants. C4 plants have two types of cells i.e., mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells, which are required for C4 pathway. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of C4 plants are called bundle sheath cells. These cells are only present in C4 plants. These cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterised by having a large number of dimorphic chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no intercellular spaces. Due to Kranz anatomy, photorespiration does not occur in C4 plants.

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