If DC supply is given to the primary coil of Transformer then DC current flows
through primary winding which is constant (time invarient). For
production of emf in any winding, the current flowing through that must
be sinusoidal.
Induced emf E=L×(dI/dt).
So in the given case ie, for DC input, no
emf produced in primary winding. So net voltage in the primary winding
will be (Vin-0) more due to which primary winding draws more current
which leads to burning of winding.