If the question is
1/5 : 1/8 :: 1/4 : 1/10
(1/5) / (1/8)=8/5
(1/4) / (1/10)=10/4=5/2
Since 8/5 not equal to 5/2,
These are not in proportion.
If the question is
1/5 : 1/10 :: 1/4 : 1/8
then,
(1/5)/(1/10) =10/5=2/1
(1/4)/(1/8) =8/4=2/1
Since ( 2/1) equal to (2/1),
they are in proportion