The correct option is A unless you finish your homework on time
An adverb clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb,
and it functions as an adverb, by modifying an adjective, verb or an
adverb. Adverb clauses generally begin with a subordinate conjunction
(since, because, while, etc.).
Option C is correct because it is an
adverb clause of condition, 'unless' is a subordinate conjunction that refers to a condition and means 'except if'.
Option A is incorrect because it is a phrase, not a clause.
Similarly, option B is incorrect because it
is a phrase.
Option D is incorrect because the answer lies in C.