The correct options are
A a mile
B very fast
The part of a sentence excluding the subject is the predicate. The verb
in the predicate is often modified by an adverb or its equivalent, known
as the adverbial qualification in that predicate.
The given sentence requires an adverbial qualification, from the options there are two possible answers. "A mile" is an adverb of quantity and 'very fast' is an adverb of manner. Both can modify the verb "ran", hence options A and B are correct. 'The road' when placed, performs as the object of the verb, and the sentence does not sound grammatically correct. Similarly, Joanna is a noun, the sentence doesn't make sense. None of them function as an adverb. Hence, options C and D are incorrect.