The correct option is D All of the above
A leftward shift in the oxygen dissociation curve indicates an increased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen so that haemoglobin binds oxygen more easily, but unloads it more reluctantly. This may be caused by an increase in pH, low levels of DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate), decrease in temperature etc. So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.