Choose the correct statement regarding oxalic acid and malonic acid.

First ionisation value of oxalic acid is higher than malonic acid

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First ionisation value of malonic acid is higher than oxalic acid

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Both oxalic and malonic acid has similar ionisation value

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None of the above

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Solution

The correct option is A First ionisation value of oxalic acid is higher than malonic acid
The increase in the $C H_{2}$ group in the compound will decrease the acidic strength of the compound because $C H_{2}$ is an $+ I$ effect group so, it will increase the electron density on conjugate base.
Oxalic acid doesn't have $+ I$ group so it is more acidic.
Hence, the anion formed after the removal of first $H^{+}$ of oxalic acid is more stable due to stronger $- I$ effect of $- C O O H$ present at close distance.
Malonic acid has one $C H_{2}$ which shows $+ I$ effect and increase electron density and make the conjugate base less stable so it is less acidic.
$Strength of acid \propto Ionisation value of acid$
Therefore, the correct option is (a).

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