The correct option is D emaciated
Let’s examine the sentence: “On account of the dearth of grass on the arid plains the cattle became _______.” The sentence states that there was “dearth of grass” on the plains and implies that there was not much for cattle to eat. So, we can assume that the cattle got weak and thin due to lack of grass of food. Hence, the sentence requires the word that means “weak and thin.” Of the given options, only “emaciated” means “to become abnormally lean or thin.” So, Option D is the correct answer.