Question

Choose the examples in column II with the type of root modification in column I:

Column I	Column II
A. Conical root	I. Rhizophora
B. Fusiform root	II. Turnip
C. Napiform root	III. Radish
D. Pneumatophore	IV. Carrot

• A. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
• B. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• C. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
• D. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Answer 1

The correct option is D A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Roots are the plant structures that arise from the radicle and grow towards the soil. There are three main types of roots - tap root, fibrous roots and adventitious roots.

Conical root, fusiform root and napiform roots are different forms of tap roots that are modified to store food. Conical root is seen in carrots where the root is thick at the base and tapering at the apex. Secondary roots remain thin and stem is usually reduced in such plants.

Conical root in carrot

Fusiform root is seen in radish. These roots are thicker in the middle and tapering on both ends. Fine secondary roots usually arise from the apical part.

Fusiform root in radish

Napiform roots are seen in turnips. They are widest at the top and tapers suddenly at the bottom.

Napiform roots in turnips

Pneumatophore is a modification of tap root which is meant for respiration in plants that grow in swamps and salt lakes. As those areas are waterlogged, the roots of the plants face deficiency of oxygen. Hence, horizontal roots give rise to vertically upward aerial roots at short intervals to facilitate aeration. E.g. Rhizophora

Pneumatophores in Rhizophora