Question

Choose the hypothesis put forth to explain latitudinal gradient of biodiversity.

• A. Speciation is a function of time and area
• B. Tropics have a highly heterogenous habitat
• C. Tropics have a conducive climate
• D. Tropics receive the highest amount of sunlight throughout the year and have high productivity
• E. All of the above

Answer 1

The correct option is E All of the above

There are many hypotheses that have been put forth to explain the latitudinal gradient of biodiversity. One hypothesis states that the tropics contain greater biodiversity, as they offer a relatively stable and unchanging environment. The higher latitudes have been subjected to many glaciations. Speciation is a function of time and therefore, the tropics have accumulated a greater diversity over this long period, while other regions having faced many glaciations and mass extinctions, are lagging behind. Further, the tropics have a relatively less stressful environment - a warm, humid and predictable space that is beneficial for the survival of many species. The tropics receive the highest percentage of sunlight throughout the year and therefore, support a high density of flora, resulting in high productivity. High productivity enables the formation and development of a highly diverse region.