The correct option is A Shortage
'Shortage' means 'insufficiency/inadequacy'
'Infringement' means 'breach/non-compliance'
'Overstepping' means 'pass beyond limits/trespass'
'Violation' means 'infringement/breaking a law'
'Shortfall' means ''deficit of something/insufficiency'
Therefore, the word which conveys the synonym of 'shortfall' is: A) Shortage