Question

Classify different types of solutions with an example for each.

Answer 1

Solutions:

1. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances and it exists in a homogeneous form.
2. Homogeneous: Homogeneous refers to the state in which two or more substances are uniformly present in a given mixture.
3. If a solution contains two components, then it is called a binary solution.

Classification of Solution:

Solutions are classified as follows:

(A) Based on the type of solvent:

1. Aqueous solutions: The solution in which water acts as a solvent, is called an aqueous solution.
   Example: Sugar solution
2. Non-aqueous solution: The solution in which any liquid other than water acts as a solvent is called non-aqueous solution.
   Example: Benzene

(B) Based on the Amount of Solute in the given Solution:

1. Unsaturated solutions: A solution in which the solute is in lesser amount in comparison with the solvent is called unsaturated solution.
   Example: Adding 5g, 10g or 20g of sodium chloride $\left(\mathrm{NaCl}\right)$ in $100\mathrm{g}$ water.
2. Saturated solutions: A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of solvent at a given temperature is called a saturated solution.
   Example: $36\mathrm{g}$ of Sodium chloride $\left(\mathrm{NaCl}\right)$ dissolved in $100\mathrm{g}$ of water at room temperature.
3. Supersaturated solutions: A solution which has more of solute at a given temperature than that of a saturated solution is called a supersaturated solution.
   Example: Carbonated water which contains more carbon dioxide dissolved in water.

(C) Based on the Particle Size:

1. True solutions: It is a homogeneous mixture that contains small solute particles that are dissolved throughout the solvent.
   Example: A solution of sugar in water is a solid in liquid solution. In this solution, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent.
2. Colloidal solutions: It is a heterogeneous mixture made up of two phases namely, a dispersed phase and a dispersion medium.
   Example: The mixture of milk powder containing fat, vitamin, protein and water forms a colloid.
3. Suspensions: Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.
   Example: Chalk powder in water