Classify the following into monovalent, divalent and trivalent ions.
a) Ammonium b) Oxide c) Nitride

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Solution

a) Ammonium $(N H_{4}^{+})$ :
It is a monovalent cation as it has a charge of $+ 1$ i.e it haas lost one electron so it has an excess of protons.Hence, it is positive.
b) Oxide $(O^{2} -)$ :
It is a divalent anion as it has gained two electrons to attain the state of $- 2$ charge. After gaining two electrons, it has more electrons in its atom than protons, hence it has a negative charge.
c) Nitride $(N^{3} -)$ :
It is a trivalent anion as it carries a charge of $- 3$ on nitrogen. Here, the nitrogen atom has gained $3$ electrons to attain the state of $- 3$ as there are more electrons in its atom now than protons.

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