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Binomial Nomenclature

Classify weak...

Question

Classify weak and strong ligands out of :
(a) $O H^{-}$ (b) $F^{-}$
(c) $I^{-}$ (d) $N H_{3}$
(e) $C H_{3} C O O^{-}$ (f) $e n$
(g) $C N^{-}$ (h) $C l^{-}$
(i) $H_{2} O$
$F^{-}, I^{-}, C l^{-}$ and $H_{2} O$ are weak ligands, other are strong lignads.
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Solution

$F^{-}, I^{-}, C l^{-}$ and $H_{2} O$ are weak ligands, whereas $O H^{-}$ , $N H_{3}$ , $C H_{3} C O O^{-}$ , $e n$ and $C N^{-}$ are strong lignads.

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Q. Classify the following into Lewis acids and Lewis bases:
(a)

H_{2} O

N H_{3}

H^{+}

B F_{3}

A I H_{3}

R O H

C H_{3} N H_{2}

C N^{-}

^{+} C H_{3}

Lewis acids : (c), (d), (e), (i)
Lewis bases : (a), (b), (f), (g), (h)
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Q. Transition metal complexes containing,

C N^{-}

ligands are often yellow in colour, whereas those containing

H_{2} O

ligands are often green or blue. This is because

C N^{-}

is a strong ligand. Absorption takes place near

U V

(blue) and so, they appear yellow.
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Q. Strong field ligands, such as

C N^{-}

usually produce low spin complexes and large crystal field splitting.

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Q. Based on VBT,

[F e C l_{6}]^{3 -}

C l^{-}

as weak ligands.

F e

s p^{3} d^{2}

hybridized (outer orbital complex) having five unpaired electrons.

[F e (C N)_{6}]^{3 -}

C N^{-}

as strong ligand.

F e

d^{2} s p^{3}

hybridized (inner orbital complex) having only one unpaired electron. Hence,

[F e C l_{6}]^{3 -}

is more paramagnetic than

[F e (C N)_{8}]^{3 -}

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Q. Increasing order of ionic character in followoing bonds is

C - H < B r - H < N a - I < F - H < L i - C l < K - F

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