Question

Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are

• A. T-DNA
• B. BAC and YAC
• C. Expression vectors
• D. T/A cloning vectors

Answer 1

The correct option is B BAC and YAC

Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) and Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC). YAC was initially used for the Human Genome Project, however, due to stability issues, they were abandoned for the use of Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC).
Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are large genomic clones that are stably maintained in Escherichia coli. And they are large enough to contain an entire human gene and its associated regulatory elements.
The Transfer DNA (T-DNA) is the transferred DNA of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The T-DNA is transferred from a bacterium into the host plant's nuclear DNA genome.
An expression vector is a vehicle used in gene cloning. DNA of interest is first cloned into an appropriate vector and then by transfection, the gene can be inserted into the host for its expression. For expressing heterologous genes in mammalian cells, usually, vectors derived from mammalian viruses are used.
The TA cloning method takes advantage of the terminal transferase activity of some DNA polymerases such as Taq polymerase. This enzyme adds a single, 3'-A overhang to each end of the PCR product. This makes it possible to clone this PCR product directly into a linearized cloning vector with single, 3'-T overhangs.