Question

Compare all the proposed models of an atom.

Answer 1

J. J. Thomson's atomic model:

• Because the magnitudes of the positive and negative charges are equal, an atom as a whole is electrically neutral.
• According to J. J. Thomson, electrons are contained within a sphere of positive charge. Rutherford's -particle scattering experiment, in which the majority of the rapid -particles traveled right through the gold foil, cannot be explained by Thomson's concept of the atom.

E.Rutherford's atomic model:

• According to Rutherford's gold foil studies, all of the positive charges are concentrated in a relatively small area that is 10 times the radius of one atom.
• Rutherford, therefore, proposed a scenario in which the electrons circle the nucleus.
• In comparison to the size of the atom, he discovered that the nucleus is incredibly tiny.
• The stability of the atom was not well explained by Rutherford's atomic model.

Neil Bohr's atomic model:

• Bohr proposed that electrons move about the nucleus in orbits with defined energy shells to account for the stability of an atom and atomic spectra.
• When an electron transitions from one orbit to another, its energy is either lost or gained.
• Only a limited number of distinct orbits of electrons, or special orbits, are permitted inside the atom.
• The letters K, L, M, N, or the digits n=1,2,3,4,... are used to indicate these orbits or shells.