Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lanthanoids with special reference to

Electronic configuration

Atomic and ionic sizes

Oxidation state

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Solution

$\begin{matrix} L a n t h a n o i d s & A c t i n o i d s E l e c t r o n c o n f i g u r a t i o n & E l e c t r o n i c c o n f i g u r a t i o n [X e]_{54} 4 f^{1 - 14} 5 d^{0 - 1} 6 s^{2} & [R n]_{86} 5 f^{1 - 14} 6 d^{0 - 1} 7 s^{2} e . g .,_{57} L a = [X e] 5 d^{1} 6 s^{2} & e . g .,_{89} A c = [R n] 6 d^{1} 7 s^{2}_{58} C e = [X e] 4 f^{1} 5 d^{1} 6 s^{2} & _{90} T h = [R n] 6 d^{2} 7 s^{2} \end{matrix}$

$\begin{matrix} L a n t h a n o i d s & A c t i n o i d s O x i d a t i o n s t a t e (s) & O x i d a t i o n s t a t e (s) M o s t c o m m o n o x i d a t i o n s t a t e = + 3 & M o s t c o m m o n o x i d a t i o n s t a t e = + 3 O t h e r o x i d a t i o n s t a t e s = + 2, + 4 & O t h e r o x i d a t i o n s t a t e s = + 4, + 5, + 6 \end{matrix}$

$\begin{matrix} L a n t h a n o i d s & A c t i n o i d s A t o m i c a n d i o n i c s i z e & A t o m i c a n d i o n i c s i z e S i z e o f a t o m / i o n d e c r e a s e s a c r o s s & S i z e o f a t o m / i o n d e c r e a s e s a l o n g t h e p e r i o d & t h e p e r i o d I n t h e g r o u p, s i z e o f a l a n t h a n o i d & A c t i n o i d h a s l a r g e s t s i z e i n i t s o w n e l e m e n t i s s m a l l e r t h a n t h e & g r o u p a c t i n o i d o f i t s o w n g r o u p \end{matrix}$

Similar to lanthanoids, actinoids also exhibit actinoid contraction (overall decrease in atomic and ionic radii). The contraction is greater due to the poor shielding effect of 5forbitals.

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