Compare the properties of a metal and a non-metal on the basis of the following:
(a) Electronic configuration

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Solution

Property Metals Non-metals
Electronic configuration
Generally, metals have 1, 2, or 3 electrons in their valency shell.
For example the electronic configuration sodium ( $Na$ ) is 2,8,1.Electronic configuration of magnesium ( $Mg$ ) is 2,8,2 etc.
Generally, non-metals have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons in their valency shell, except Hydrogen( $H$ ).
For example the electronic configuration of carbon ( $C$ ) is 2,4. Electronic configuration of nitrogen ( $N$ ) is 2,5,etc.

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Property	Metals	Non-metals
Electronic configuration	Generally, metals have 1, 2, or 3 electrons in their valency shell. For example the electronic configuration sodium ( $Na$ ) is 2,8,1.Electronic configuration of magnesium ( $Mg$ ) is 2,8,2 etc.	Generally, non-metals have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons in their valency shell, except Hydrogen( $H$ ). For example the electronic configuration of carbon ( $C$ ) is 2,4. Electronic configuration of nitrogen ( $N$ ) is 2,5,etc.