Question

Complete the following table :

Common Name	Chemical Name	Formula	Acid, base, or salt	Efflorescent, hygroscopic or deliquescent substance
Solid caustic potash
Quick lime
Oil of vitriol
Washing soda
Solid caustic soda
Blue vitriol

Answer 1

Acid: These are substances that change blue litmus to red. They give ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions.

Base: These are substances that change red litmus to blue. They accept ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions.

Salt: These are the substances that are formed by the reaction of acid and base.

Efflorescent substance: It is defined as the property of substances because of which it losses its water of crystallization.

For example, Washing soda(${\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3.10{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$), Glauber's salt(${\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4.10{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$), etc.

Hygroscopic substance: It is defined as a property of a substance to adsorb or absorb water from its surroundings.

For example: Sodium chloride($\mathrm{NaCl}$), Zinc chloride($\mathrm{ZnCl}$), etc.

Deliquescent substance: It is defined as a process because of which a substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. It continues until it dissolves in absorbed water and results in the formation of a solution.

For example: Sodium hydroxide($\mathrm{NaOH}$), Potassium hydroxide($\mathrm{KOH}$), etc.

Complete the following table :

Common Name	Chemical Name	Formula	Acid, base, or salt	Efflorescent, hygroscopic or deliquescent substance
Solid caustic potash	Potassium hydroxide	$\mathrm{KOH}$	Base	Deliquescent
Quick lime	Calcium oxide	$\mathrm{CaO}$	Base	Hygroscopic
Oil of vitriol	Sulphuric acid	${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$	Acid	Hygroscopic
Washing soda	Hydrated Sodium carbonate	${\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{CO}}_3.10{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$	Salt	Efflorescent
Solid caustic soda	Sodium hydroxide	$\mathrm{NaOH}$	Base	Deliquescent
Blue vitriol	Copper sulphate crystals	${\mathrm{CuSO}}_4.5{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$	Salt	Efflorescent