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Question

Complete the sentence with a suitable option:
The primary purpose of the passage is to _________.

A
Present the results of statistical analyses and propose further studies.
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B
Explain a recent development and predict its eventual consequences.
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C
Identify the reasons for a trend and recommend measures to address it.
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D
Outline several theories about a phenomenon and advocate one of them.
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E
Describe the potential consequences of implementing a new policy and argue in favor of that policy.
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Solution

The correct option is E Identify the reasons for a trend and recommend measures to address it.
The passage mentions a trend and goes on to discuss the reasons for its existence and recommends measures to discuss it. The trend that the passage mentions is the dramatic growth in temporary employment in the U.S. in the 1980s and the passage goes on to discuss its causes and remedial measures. Thus, option C best befits the context.

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Q. 77. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 through a Government resolution to formulate long-term development Plans and to recommend them to the Union Cabinet. In framing its recommendations, the Commission has to act in close understanding and consultation with the ministries of the Central government and the governments of the States. The responsibility for policy decisions and implementation rests with the Central and State governments. Many have regarded and some still regard, that the Indian Plans are modelled on Soviet-type "command" planning. This is true only to the extent that there was considerable emphasis, particularly in the Second and Third Plans, on creation of a heavy industrial base under the auspices of the State. Under the aggressive intellectual leadership of Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis and a few other technical experts of the Commission, this objective was given a pride of place in development planning. Subsequently, as a result of severe difficulties, higher priority was accorded to agriculture. The Industrial policy resolutions of 1948 and 1956 provided the basic framework of industrial development and regulation. The Industrial policy Resolution of 1948 envisaged careful planning and integrated effort and that a progressively increased role will be assumed by the Central and State governments in the process of economic growth and in industrial development in particular, by the public sector within a mixed economy. It demarcated industries between the public and private sectors, providing for exclusive monopoly of the basic and infrastructural industries to the former. The Industrial policy Resolution of 1956 gave priority to development of heavy industries and machine-making industries, expansion of public sector, besides promoting the co-operative sector.
According to the passage what were the characteristics of 'command' planning?
1. Union and state governments were expected to take initiatives for creation of industrial infrastructure.
2. Planning for development became the important agenda.

Q. 76. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 through a Government resolution to formulate long-term development Plans and to recommend them to the Union Cabinet. In framing its recommendations, the Commission has to act in close understanding and consultation with the ministries of the Central government and the governments of the States. The responsibility for policy decisions and implementation rests with the Central and State governments. Many have regarded and some still regard, that the Indian Plans are modelled on Soviet-type "command" planning. This is true only to the extent that there was considerable emphasis, particularly in the Second and Third Plans, on creation of a heavy industrial base under the auspices of the State. Under the aggressive intellectual leadership of Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis and a few other technical experts of the Commission, this objective was given a pride of place in development planning. Subsequently, as a result of severe difficulties, higher priority was accorded to agriculture. The Industrial policy resolutions of 1948 and 1956 provided the basic framework of industrial development and regulation. The Industrial policy Resolution of 1948 envisaged careful planning and integrated effort and that a progressively increased role will be assumed by the Central and State governments in the process of economic growth and in industrial development in particular, by the public sector within a mixed economy. It demarcated industries between the public and private sectors, providing for exclusive monopoly of the basic and infrastructural industries to the former. The Industrial policy Resolution of 1956 gave priority to development of heavy industries and machine-making industries, expansion of public sector, besides promoting the co-operative sector.
Consider the following assumptions regarding the above passage.
1. The recommendations of Planning Commission is mandatory for Union and State governments.
2. Under industrial policy resolution 1948 both union government and state governments have to take some initiatives for economic growth through public sector undertakings.
3. The industrial policy resolution 1956 has prioritized heavy industries, machine making industries and cooperative sector through public sector undertakings.
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