Consider the following equilibrium:

$N H_{3} + N H_{3} ⇌ N H_{4}^{+} + {N H_{2}}^{-}$

Why $N H_{3}$ undergo self ionization?

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Solution

Self ionization is also called as autoprotolysis. It means that the same compound acts as a proton donor and proton acceptor. This is possible because of the lone pair of electron present on N atom and polarity of the bond in the molecule.

$N H_{3} + N H_{3} ⇌ N H_{4}^{+} + {N H_{2}}^{-}$

In the above reaction, $N H_{3}$ is a proton donor as well as a proton acceptor.
So $N H_{3}$ undergoing self ionization.

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