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Stoichiometry

Consider the ...

Question

Consider the reaction:
$C u_{(s)} + 4 H N O_{3 (a q)} \to 2 N O_{2 (g)} + C u (N O_{3})_{2 (a q)} + 2 H_{2} O_{(g)}$
What volume of $N O_{2}$ measured at $2.0$ atm and $27^{\circ} C$ can be produced by the reaction of $0.500$ mol copper with excess nitric acid according to the equation above?

A

2.2 L

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B

3.1 L

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C

12 L

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D

24 L

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Solution

The correct option is A $12 L$
$C u (s) + 4 H N O_{3} (a q) \to 2 N O_{2} (g) + C u (N O_{3})_{2} (a q) + 2 H_{2} O (g)$
When $1 m o l e$ of copper is used, two moles of $N O_{2}$ and two moles of $H_{2} O$ are produced.
So, for $0.5 m o l e s$ of copper, $1 m o l e$ of $N O_{2}$ is produced.
$P V = n R T$
$\Rightarrow (2) V = (1) (0.0821) (300)$
$\Rightarrow V = 12 L$

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Q. Nitric acid is the most important oxi-acid formed by nitrogen. It is one of the major industrial chemicals and is widely used. Nitric acid is manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia that is known as Ostwald Process which can be represented by sequence of reactions shown below

4 N H_{3} + 5 O_{2} (g) C a t a l y s t - ---- \to P t / R h 4 N O (g) + 6 H_{2} O (g) . . . (i)

2 N O (g) + O_{2} (g) 1120 K - --- \to 2 N O_{2} (g) . . . (i i)

3 N O_{2} (g) + H_{2} O (l) \to 2 H N O_{3} (a q) + N O (g) . . . (i i i)

The aqueous nitric acid obtained by this method can be concenteated by distillation to

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If

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produced to form nitric acid according to the above reactions, then the volume of air required at STP containing

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Q. Nitric acid is the most important oxi-acid formed by nitrogen. It is one of the major industrial chemicals and is widely used. Nitric acid is manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia that is known as Ostwald Process which can be represented by sequence of reactions shown below

4 N H_{3} + 5 O_{2} (g) C a t a l y s t - ---- \to P t / R h 4 N O (g) + 6 H_{2} O (g) . . . (i)

2 N O (g) + O_{2} (g) 1120 K - --- \to 2 N O_{2} (g) . . . (i i)

3 N O_{2} (g) + H_{2} O (l) \to 2 H N O_{3} (a q) + N O (g) . . . (i i i)

The aqueous nitric acid obtained by this method can be concenteated by distillation to

68.5 %

by weight. Further concentration to

98 %

acid can be achieved by dehydration with concentrated sulphuric acid.

If

180 L

of water completely reacts with

N O_{2}

produced to form nitric acid according to the above reactions, then the volume of air required at STP containing

20 %

N O_{2}

is:
(density of water is 1 g/mL)

Q. Metallic silver reacts with nitric acid according to the following balanced equation.

3 A g (s) + 4 H N O_{3} (a q) \to 3 A g N O_{3} (a q) + N O (g) + 2 H_{2} O (l)

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A g, 108 \frac{g}{m o l}

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63 \frac{g}{m o l}

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Q. What volume of

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C H_{4 (g)} + 2 O_{2 (g)} \to C O_{2 (g)} + 2 H_{2} O_{(g)}

(a) Concentrated nitric acid oxidises phosphorus to phosphoric acid according to the following equation:
P + 5HNO₃ $\overset{}{\to}$ H₃PO₄ + H₂O + 5NO₂
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(iii) What will be the volume of steam at the same time measured at 760 mm Hg pressure and 373°C? (H = 1; N = 14; O = 16; P = 31)

(b) Ammonia may be oxidised to nitrogen monoxide in the presence of a catalyst according to the following equation:
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