Question

________ creates free radicals in food, which can destroy cell membranes and attack DNA and proteins, thus preventing micro-organism growth.

• A. Pasteurization
• B. Irradiation
• C. Reduction
• D. All of the above

Answer 1

The correct option is B Irradiation

A free radical can be defined as any molecular species capable of independent existence that contains an unpaired electron in an atomic orbital. These are highly reactive species in the nucleus and in the membranes of cells damaging biologically relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Irradiation of food is the exposure of food to ionizing radiation which produces free radicals. The two types of ionizing radiation used are $\beta$-particles (high-energy electrons) and $\gamma$-rays (emitted from radioactive sources as cobalt-60 or cesium-137). Treatment effects include killing bacteria, molds and insect pests, reducing the ripening and spoiling of fruits, and at higher doses inducing sterility.