Self Reduction Process: The cations of the less electropositive metals like Pb, Hg, Sb and Cu may be reduced without the use of any additional reducing agent. Elevated temperature and anion or anions associated with the metal may bring about this change.
In the extraction of copper, the sulphide and the oxide interact at an elevated temperature to give the metal.
Cu2S + 2Cu2O → SO2+ 6CU (self reduction reaction)