The correct option is C Adaptive radiation
The process of evolution in which different species in a given geographical area start from a point and radiate to other areas of geography (habitats) into a multitude of new forms is called Adaptive Radiation.
Darwin finches were a group of birds found in the Galapagos island. From the original seed-eating features, many other forms radiated out.
An example is finches with altered beaks, enabling them to become insectivorous and this happened due to geographical isolation.
Therefore, Darwin’s finches represent one of the best examples of Adaptive Radiation.