Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

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Solution

Cardiac cycle is defined as the complete cycle of events in the heart from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next. It comprises three stages – atrial systole, ventricular systole, and complete cardiac diastole.

Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a minute.

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70 ml

Cardiac output is defined as

If each ventricle pumps out 65ml of blood in each cardiac cycle, then cardiac output will be

	I		II
(i)	Stroke volume	(a)	70-75 action potential per minute
(ii)	Cardiac output	(b)	Ventricular repolarisation
(iii)	SAN	(c)	70 ml of blood per cardiac cycle
(iv)	P-wave	(d)	5000 ml of blood per cardiac cycle
(v)	T-wave	(e)	Atrial depolarisation

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