Question

Define self inductance of a coil. Derive the expression for magnetic energy stored in the inductor of inductance $L$ carrying current $I$.

Answer 1

Self-inductance of a coil is defined as the ratio of the total flux linked with the coil to the current flowing through it.

$L=\frac{N{\varphi }_B}{I}$

When the current is varied, the flux linked with the coil changes and an e.m.f is induced in the coil. It is given as

$\epsilon =-\frac{d\left(N{\varphi }_B\right)}{dt}=-L\frac{dI}{dt}$

The self-induced e.m.f is also called back e.m.f. as it opposes any change in current in the circuit So, work needs to be done against back e.m.f. in establishing current This work done is stored as magnetic potential energy. The rate of doing work is given as

$\frac{dW}{dt}=\left|\epsilon \right|I=LI\frac{dI}{dt}$ (neglecting negative sign)

Thus, the total work done in establishing current from 0 to I is

$W=\int dW\underset{0}{\overset{I}{\int }}LIdI=\frac{1}{2}L{I}^2$