Question

Define stress and explain the types of stress

Answer 1

The 'stress' applied to a material is the force per unit area applied to the material.

There are different types of stress-

• Normal Stress: It may be called a normal stress when the stress applied is perpendicular to the body. The length of the wire or the volume of the body changes stress will be at normal.
• Longitudinal Stress: When the length of the body changes by the normal stress that is applied on it is termed as Longitudinal Stress.
• Bulk Stress or Volume Stress: When the volume of a body changes due to the stress it is termed as Volume stress. A body that is under the force of pressure $P$, when submerged in a liquid, the body confronts a force that at any time is perpendicular or normal to the surface of the object. The area that the force is acting on is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force.

Bulk Stress=$\frac{Force}{Area}=Pressure$

• Shearing Stress: When the forces being applied on the surface is parallel to it and thus the stress that’s acting on the surface also plots a tangent. This kind of stress is termed as a shearing or tangential stress. The shape of the body changes under this stress.
  
• Tensile Stress: If the stress applied causes an increase in the body’s length because of the force the stress is termed as tensile stress.
  
• Compression Stress: The shape of the body changes due to the tangential stress that is applied which is due to the change in volume or length of the body.
  
• Tangential Stress: When the force that is exerted is tangential to the surface it’s being applied on and transforms the body