Question

Define the calvin cycle?

Answer 1

In plants, CO${}_2$ enters the interior of a leaf via stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions, where sugar is synthesized. These reactions are also called the light-independent reactions because they are not directly driven by light. In the Calvin cycle, carbon atoms from CO${}_2$ are fixed and used to build three-carbon sugars. This process is fueled by, and dependent on, ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. The Calvin cycle reactions can be divided into three main stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting molecule.