Question

Define the following:
(i) Population
(ii) Sanitation
(iii) Deforestation
(iv) Birth control
(v) Rhythm method
(vi) Abstainence
(vii) Test-tube baby
(viii) Birth rate
(ix) Death rate
(x) Population density
(xi) Natality

Answer 1

(i) Population:
It is a group of similar individuals living in a geographical area, sharing similar resources and capable of interbreeding.

(ii) Sanitation:
Sanitation means the formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health through the supply of clean drinking water, sewage disposal, etc.

(iii) Deforestation:
It is the removal or deterioration of forest cover of an area.

(iv) Birth Control:
The regulation of conception through preventive measures or devices for controlling the number of offsprings is called birth control.

(v) Rhythm Method:
It is a birth control method in which the couples abstain from intercourse from day 10 to day 17 of the menstrual cycle, as ovulation occurs during this period.

(vi) Abstinence:
It is a birth control method in which the male withdraws his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation so that semen does not enter the vagina.

(vii) Test-tube Baby:
Test tube babies are formed by the process of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). In this technique, the egg or ovum from the mother and the sperm from the father are allowed to fertilise outside the body, and the zygote is allowed to grow inside a test tube with womb-like conditions. After 2-3 weeks of development, the embryo is implanted into the uterus of the mother and the rest of the development takes place inside the mother's body.

(viii) Birth Rate:
Birth rate is the total number of births per 1,000 of people per year.

(ix) Death Rate:
Death rate is the total number of deaths per 1,000 of people per year.

(x) Population Density:
Population density refers to the number of people living in one square kilometre of area.

(xi) Natality:
It is same as the birth rate, i.e. the total number of births per 1,000 of people per year.