Question

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(a) w/w (mass percentage)

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(b) V/V (volume percentage)

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(c) w/V (mass by volume percentage)

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(d) ppm (parts per million)

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(e) x (mole fraction)

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(f) M (molarity)

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution? Which of these modes are independent of temperature and why?
(g) m (molality)

Answer 1

(a) w/w (mass percentage) Mass percentage of a component of a solution can be expressed as
$Mass\%ofcomponent=\frac{massofcomponentinthesolution}{totalmassofsolution}\times 100$
Thus, the percentage by mass means the mass of the solute in grams present in 100g of the solution.

(b) V/V (volume percentage) is defined as
$Volumepercentage=\frac{volumeofthecomponent}{totalvolumeofsolution}\times 100$
Thus, volume percentage means the volume of the liquid solute in $c{m}^3$ present in $100c{m}^3$ of the solution.

(c) w/V (mass by volume percentage) = mass of solute dissoived in 100 mL of solution.

(d) ppm (parts per million) This parametre is used to express the concentration of very dilute solution.
$ppm=\frac{numberpartsofcomponent}{totalnumberofpartsofallcomponentofsolution}\times {10}^6$

(e) x (mole fraction) Mole fraction is an unitless quantity used to determine extent of an particular component present in total solution.
$x=\frac{numberofmolesofthecomponent}{totalnumberofmolesofallcomponents}$

(f) M (molarity) Number of moles of solute dissolved in per litre of solution is known as molarity.
$M=\frac{numberofmolesofsolute}{volumeofsolutioninlitre}$

(g) m (Molality) Molality of any solution can be defined as number of moles of solute dissolved in per kg of solvent.
$m=\frac{numberofmolesofsolute}{massofsolventinkg}$