Define the following terms:
(i) Nucleotide
(ii) Anomers
(iii) Essential amino acids
(i) Nucleotide
(ii) Anomers
(iii) Essential amino acids
(i) Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules
that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). The building blocks of
nucleic acids, nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon
sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group. Thus a
nucleoside plus a phosphate group yields a nucleotide.
(ii) Anomers
An anomer is a type of
stereoisomer and epimer found in carbohydrate chemistry. While an epimer is a
stereoisomer that differs in configuration at any single stereogenic center, an
anomer is a cyclic saccharide and an epimer that differs in configuration,
specifically at the hemiacetal/acetal carbon, also called the anomeric carbon.
The anomeric carbon is the carbon derived from the carbonyl carbon (the ketone
or aldehyde functional group) of the open-chain form of the carbohydrate
molecule.
(iii) Essential amino acids
An essential amino acid or
indispensable amino acid is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the organism, and thus must be supplied in
its diet. Example de novo (from scratch).
(i) Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). The building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group. Thus a nucleoside plus a phosphate group yields a nucleotide.
(ii) Anomers
An anomer is a type of stereoisomer and epimer found in carbohydrate chemistry. While an epimer is a stereoisomer that differs in configuration at any single stereogenic center, an anomer is a cyclic saccharide and an epimer that differs in configuration, specifically at the hemiacetal/acetal carbon, also called the anomeric carbon. The anomeric carbon is the carbon derived from the carbonyl carbon (the ketone or aldehyde functional group) of the open-chain form of the carbohydrate molecule.
(iii) Essential amino acids
An essential amino acid or indispensable amino acid is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the organism, and thus must be supplied in its diet. Example de novo (from scratch).
