Question

Define the term hybridization and photoperiod.

Answer 1

Hybridization:

1. Crossing between genetically different organisms to produce desired characteristics in the offspring is known as hybridization.
2. Following are the major objectives of plant breeding:

• To increase the crop yield.
• To raise plants with desired characteristics.
• To develop a disease-resistant crop.
• To develop plants that can tolerate extreme environmental stress.

Photoperiod:

1. The duration of the sunlight available for a plant is called a photoperiod.
2. The period of time each day during which an organism receives illumination. Simply it can be said as day length.
3. Photoperiod is responsible for the growth of the plant.

1. Long day plants

• The plants which require more exposure to light are called long-day plants (LDP).
• For example – Radish, Spinach, Sugar beet, etc.

2. Short-day plants

• Those plants which require less exposure to light are called short-day plants (SDP).
• For example- Sunflower, Rice, Soybeans, Tobacco, etc.