Question

define the term system surrounding open system closed system isolated system exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction extensive properties and intensive properties

Answer 1

Dear student,
System: The part of universe under thermodynamic study is known as system.
Surrounding: The part of the universe in the neighbourhood of the system forms its surroundings.
So, Universe=System +Surroundings
Open system: System which can exchange matter and energy both with its surroundings is known an open system. E.g. hot soup kept in open cup, all living beings, sun etc.
Closed system: System which can exchange only energy but not matter with its surroundings is known as closed system .e.g. any things kept in closed container (without thermally insulated wall) etc.
Isolated system: System which can exchange neither energy nor matter with its surrounding is known as an isolated system. E.g. anything kept in a container with thermally insulated wall.
Exothermic reaction: A reaction that can release energy from a system to its surroundings is known as exothermic reaction. Release of energy can be in the form of heat, sound, electricity, light etc.
Endothermic reaction: A reaction that can absorb energy from its surroundings is known as endothermic reaction. Energy can be absorbed in the form of heat, sound, electricity, light etc.
Intensive property: A property whose value is independent of the amount of matter present in the system is known as an intensive property. e.g. Temperature, pressure, refractive index, surface tension, viscosity, m.p., b.p., specific heat, pH, standard emf of a cell, specific gravity, vapour pressure of a liquid, dipole moment, dielectric constant, etc.
Extensive property: A property whose value depends on the amount of matter present in the system is known as its extensive property. E.g. Mass, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, surface area, heat, force, Gibbs energy, entropy etc.

Regards,