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Question

Define valency by taking example of Silicon and Oxygen.


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Solution

Definition

Valency is defined as the number of electrons in an atom donated or received with another atom/atoms to complete its octet.

Calculation of valency

  • Valency of an element depends on the number of valence electrons.
  • For elements having valence electrons 1,2 or 3 ,valence is equal to the number of valence electrons
  • For elements having valence electrons 4,5,6 or 7 ,valence equal to the number of electrons to be added to complete the octet.

Valence = 8 - valence electrons

Oxygen

  • Chemical symbol element Oxygen = O
  • Atomic number of Oxygen = 8
  • No. of electrons = 8
  • Electronic configuration = KL26
  • Valence electrons = 6
  • Hence the valency = 8-6=2

Silicon

  • Chemical symbol element Silicon = Si
  • Atomic number of Silicon= 14
  • No. of electrons = 14
  • Electronic configuration = KLM284
  • Valence electrons = 4
  • Hence the valency = 8-4=4

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