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Question

derive electric potential at a distance r from a point charge q

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Solution

Dear student
Let us derive the electric potential due to a positive charge Q at a distance r from it:Let us shift a unit positive charge from the point where potential is required to infinity and find the work done by the force applied by the charge Q on the unit charge.Let at any instant of time distance of the unit charge from the charge Q is x than the force acting on it at this instant isF=14π Qx2Let us displace the unit charge by small distance dx this force is repulsive and act in the direction of displacement so work done dW=FdxdW=14π Qx2dxdW=r14π Qx2dxW=Q4πr 1x2dx=Q4π(-1x)r=-1Q4π(1-1r)=14πQrfrom the defination of potential the work done is equal to the potential at the point V=14πQrRegards

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