Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also, write chemical equations of the reactions involved.

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Solution

Hinsberg's test is used for the identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
Hinsberg's reagent is benzenesulphonyl chloride $(C_{6} H_{5} S O_{2} C l)$ .
It reacts differently with primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
(i) Hinsberg's reagent reacts with primary amines to form $N -$ alkylbenzenesulphonyl amide which is acidic in nature and soluble in alkali.
Note: $N -$ alkylbenzenesulphonyl amide contains a strong electron-withdrawing sulphonyl group. Due to this, the $H -$ atom attached to nitrogen can be removed easily. Hence, it is acidic.
(ii) Hinsberg's reagent reacts with secondary amines to form a sulphonamide which is insoluble in alkali.
Note: As there is no hydrogen atom attached to the $N$ atom in the sulphonamide, it is not acidic and insoluble in alkali.
(iii) Hinsberg's reagent does not react with tertiary amines.

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