Describe in detail: Separation of different components of a mixture, different types of separation methods, and their use in daily life.
Describe in detail: Separation of different components of a mixture, different types of separation methods, and their use in daily life.
Separating mixtures techniques will depend on what kind of mixture you are separating. The standard methods widely used and known are as follows:
1. Distillation:
This technique of separation is driven by boiling point differences of the two in the mixtures. As a normal operating procedure mixture is heated gradually and the substances that vaporize the easiest will separate first. Distillation is widely used in industries and in our daily life also. The best example is In the decaffeination of coffee.
2. Floatation
This technique of separation is driven by separation of solids by density differences. When you put into water, some substances will sink while others will float.
3. Chromatography
This technique of separation is driven by separation by inner molecular attractions. Some mixtures have components that "stick" to materials in different ways. These attractions take place at the molecular level. The different techniques of HPLC,GC are based on this. The retention time is usually identified here for its application for analysis.
4. Magnetism
This technique of separation is driven by some substances are attracted to a magnet field.
5. Filtration
This technique of separation is driven by separation by particle size. The particle size of substances can be very different. Passing a mixture through a screen or filter will allow the small particles to pass and be separated from the larger particles that get trapped. Various membranes are available for it.
6. Extraction
This technique of separation is driven by separation of liquids by density and solubility. As you keep the mixtures for a long time the mixtures of liquids of different densities and solubility will form layers. The top layer can be skimmed off or siphoned, and the bottom layers can be removed via a siphon or mechanical means.
7. Crystallization
This technique of separation is driven by separation by solubility. Substances have different solubilities at temperatures. A solution can be cooled to the point where the solute will begin to form crystals and separate from the mixture.
8. Mechanical Separation
This technique of separation is driven by separation by particle size. If the mixture is made up of large enough particles, or pieces, you can separate them by hand or tool. Simple screening also falls under this category.
Applications:
- Separation of different fractions from petroleum products.
- Separation of a mixture of methanol and ethanol.
Separating mixtures techniques will depend on what kind of mixture you are separating. The standard methods widely used and known are as follows:
1. Distillation:
This technique of separation is driven by boiling point differences of the two in the mixtures. As a normal operating procedure mixture is heated gradually and the substances that vaporize the easiest will separate first. Distillation is widely used in industries and in our daily life also. The best example is In the decaffeination of coffee.
2. Floatation
This technique of separation is driven by separation of solids by density differences. When you put into water, some substances will sink while others will float.
3. Chromatography
This technique of separation is driven by separation by inner molecular attractions. Some mixtures have components that "stick" to materials in different ways. These attractions take place at the molecular level. The different techniques of HPLC,GC are based on this. The retention time is usually identified here for its application for analysis.
4. Magnetism
This technique of separation is driven by some substances are attracted to a magnet field.
5. Filtration
This technique of separation is driven by separation by particle size. The particle size of substances can be very different. Passing a mixture through a screen or filter will allow the small particles to pass and be separated from the larger particles that get trapped. Various membranes are available for it.
6. Extraction
This technique of separation is driven by separation of liquids by density and solubility. As you keep the mixtures for a long time the mixtures of liquids of different densities and solubility will form layers. The top layer can be skimmed off or siphoned, and the bottom layers can be removed via a siphon or mechanical means.
7. Crystallization
This technique of separation is driven by separation by solubility. Substances have different solubilities at temperatures. A solution can be cooled to the point where the solute will begin to form crystals and separate from the mixture.
8. Mechanical Separation
This technique of separation is driven by separation by particle size. If the mixture is made up of large enough particles, or pieces, you can separate them by hand or tool. Simple screening also falls under this category.
Applications:
- Separation of different fractions from petroleum products.
- Separation of a mixture of methanol and ethanol.
