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Standard XII
Chemistry
Reductions Involving Aldehydes or Ketones
Describe meth...
Question
Describe methods for the preparation of hydrocarbon by the reduction of aldehyde.
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Solution
The carbonyl group of aldehydes ( and ketones) is reduced to methylene group by following methods.
1) Clemmensen reduction:
Aldehyde (or ketone) that is not acid sensitive is heated with zinc amalgam and conc. HCl to obtain hydrocarbon.
C
H
3
−
C
H
O
+
4
[
H
]
Zn Hg/ conc HCl
−
−−−−−−−−−
→
Δ
C
H
3
−
C
H
3
+
H
2
O
2) Wolff-Kishner reduction:
Aldehyde (or ketone) that is not base sensitive is treated with hydrazine followed by heating with KOH/ ethylene glycol to obtain hydrocarbon.
C
H
3
−
C
H
O
+
4
[
H
]
hydrazine
−
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
→
KOH/ ethylene glycol
,
Δ
C
H
3
−
C
H
3
+
H
2
O
+
N
2
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