Question

Describe the human excretory system. Write a note on vertical section of kidney.

Answer 1

Human excretory system is concerned with the removal of the metabolic waste produced in the cells and diffused into the blood. The excretory system is made up of the following parts:

1. Kidneys: A pair of kidneys located on each side of the vertebral column are the major organs that perform the filtration of the blood and produces urine. The nephrons are the coiled structure present in each kidney are the functional and structural units.

2. Renal Artery: It brings the blood to be filtered to the kidneys.

3. Renal vein: It carries the filtered blood away from the kidneys.

4. Ureters: a pair of ureters, each attached to the individual kidney takes the urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder.

5. Urinary bladder: it stores the urine and upon getting filled, it contracts and passes the urine to the urethra.

6. Urethra: A tubular outlet through which urine goes out of the body.

A vertical section of kidney shows the following structural details:

1. Renal capsule; Outermost covering on the kidney, it is made up of collagen and elastin fibres. It protects kidneys from the injuries.

2. Renal Cortex: In the kidney, the outer region is called cortex. It contains Malpighian Bodies of the nephrons.

3. Renal Medulla: Inner region of the kidney is medulla. It is made up of 15-16 conical structures called Pyramids. The tubules of nephrons lie in the pyramids.

4. Pelvis: It connects the pyramids with the ureter cavity and urine is passed to the ureter through the pelvis region.