Describe the hybridisation in case of $P C l_{5}$ . Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds?

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Solution

P has ground state valence shell electronic configuration $3 s^{2} 3 p 3$ and the first excited state valence shell electronic configuration is $3 s^{1} 3 p^{3} 3 d^{1}$ .

P undergoes $s p^{3} d$ hybridization and has trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

Axial Cl atoms experience higher electron repulsion than equatorial chlorine atoms.

Hence, the axial bonds are longer as compared to equatorial bonds.

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