Question

Describe the internal structure of the Funaria capsule.

Answer 1

Funaria capsule:

1. The capsule is the sporophyte's last stage.
2. The capsule develops in the seta's apical region.
3. The calyptra protects the capsule.
4. The capsule is divided into three sections: apophasis, operculum, and theca.
5. Apophasis is the sterile base of the cell.
6. This area contains stomata and a thin-walled epidermis.
7. The area of the neck that connects with the seta is composed of spongy parenchyma.
8. The chlorenchyma cells, which can undertake photosynthesis, are situated within the center area.
9. The top dome-shaped portion with the most layers of cells is known as the operculum.
10. The outer layer is known as the epidermis.
11. There is constriction as well as a diaphragm.
12. The operculum and theca cells are separated by a rim.
13. In the region around the diaphragm, there is a peristome, which contains teeth grouped in the shape of a ring.
14. The cuticle is what makes up the teeth.
15. There are parenchyma cells, which have thin walls and are located inside the teeth.
16. Theca is the spore consisting area found between an apophasis and its operculum.
17. The epidermis has a simple layer of cells with stomata, whereas the hypodermis has many layers of cells.
18. Spongy parenchyma cells contain chlorophyll and may undertake photosynthesis.
19. Food is received from these cells, as well as water and other nutrients from the gametophyte, making the sporophyte interdependent on the gametophyte.
20. There are air pockets that contain green cells known as trabecular cells.
21. There are spore sacs, which are cavity-like structures with outside and interior walls.
22. The columella is just the core portion that contains parenchyma cells that aid in water and nutrient transfer.