Describe the manufucature of $H_{2} S O_{4}$ by contact process,

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Solution

Manufacture of sulphur acid (contact process) It involves following steps:

(i) Production of sulphur dioxide It is carried out by burning powdered sulphur or roasting of sulphur rich ores.

$S + O_{2} \to S O_{2}$

(ii) Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide

$2 S O_{2} (g) + O_{2} (g) 400 - 450^{\circ} C, ⇌ 1.5 - 2 a t m 2 S O_{3} (g) + H e a t$

This is the major step to the contact process.

For better yield of $S O_{3}$ , conditions required are:

Temperature =400- $450^{\circ} C;$ Pressure =1.5 to 2 atm;

Catalyst=Pt asbestos or vanadium pentoxide $V_{2} O_{5}$

(iii) Conversion of SO_3 into $H_{2} S O_{4}$ $S O_{3}$ is absorbed in conc $H_{2} S O_{4}$ to produce oleum or pyrosulphuric acid.

$S O_{3} + H_{2} S O_{4} \to H_{2} S_{2} O_{7} C o n c . O l e u m$

$S O^{3}$ is not absorbed in water as the reaction is highly exothermic and a mist of acid particles is formed. Somethimes it becomes difficult to handle the operation.

(iv) Dilution of loeum and formation of $H_{2} S O_{4}$ Oleum is diluted with calculated quantity of water to obtain $H_{2} S O_{4}$ in required concentration.

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