Describe the various stem modifications and their functions.
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Solution
The various stem modifications and their functions are as follows:
To store water: Stems swell up to store water, e.g., jade and cactus.
To manufacture food: Leaf-like flattened stems can perform photosynthesis, e.g., cactus.
To give protection: Stems are modified as thorns (Bougainvillaea) and sharp prickles (rose) to provide protection to plants from being eaten by animals.
To give support: Stems are modified as tendrils to provide support, e.g., grape and passion flower.
To store food: Stems are modified to store food, e.g., onion and potato.