Question

Describe the various stem modifications and their functions.

Answer 1

The various stem modifications and their functions are as follows:

• To store water: Stems swell up to store water, e.g., jade and cactus.
• To manufacture food: Leaf-like flattened stems can perform photosynthesis, e.g., cactus.
• To give protection: Stems are modified as thorns (Bougainvillaea) and sharp prickles (rose) to provide protection to plants from being eaten by animals.
• To give support: Stems are modified as tendrils to provide support, e.g., grape and passion flower.
• To store food: Stems are modified to store food, e.g., onion and potato.