Dicky, Micky, and Vicky had three liquids, A, B, and C, respectively. They mixed these liquids and observed that they formed a homogeneous mixture. They were unable to separate the liquids and asked their teacher to separate them. The teacher subjected the given mixture to fractional distillation. Liquid B was obtained in the receiver flask. On further distillation, A was left behind in the distillation flask. On the basis of the results, comment on the critical temperature of A, B, and C in their respective gaseous mixture.

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Solution

Homogenous mixture: It is defined as the type of mixture in which composition is uniform throughout.
Critical temperature: It is defined as the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied whatever pressure may be applied.
Fractional distillation: It is the method used for the separation of a mixture of liquid on the basis of their boiling point.
Liquid B,
Liquid B is first obtained in the receiver flask.
This means liquid B has a low boiling point.
Therefore it will vaporize first and condensed to convert into liquid again.
The first vaporization of liquid B concludes that it has low intermolecular forces of attraction between its molecules.
Low intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules mean low critical temperature of the substance.
Liquid B has a low critical temperature in comparison to all.
Liquid A,
Liquid A is left behind in the distillation flask.
This means liquid A has the highest boiling point.
It can not vaporize easily.
Intermolecular forces of interaction between liquid A molecules are high.
High intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules mean a high critical temperature of the substance.
Liquid B has a high critical temperature in comparison to all.
Liquid C,
So, Liquid C would be having boiling point in between Liquid A and Liquid B.
The critical temperature of liquid C is in between liquid A and Liquid B.

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