Question

Differentiate between

a. Blood and Lymph

b. Basophils and Eosinophils

c. Tricuspid and bicuspid valve

Answer 1

a. Blood and Lymph

Colour:

$\bullet$ Blood is a connective tissue which is red in color due to the presence of haemoglobin.

$\bullet$ Lymph is a colourless fluid tissue as it lacks haemoglobin.

Composition:

$\bullet$ Blood consists of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.

$\bullet$ Lymph consists of plasma and lymphocytes primarily.

Function:

$\bullet$ Blood mainly transports oxygen and other materials from one organ to another in the body.

$\bullet$ Lymph transports materials between tissue and the blood.

Direction of flow:

$\bullet$ Blood starts to flow from the heart through arteries, capillaries and veins and back to the heart.

$\bullet$ Lymph starts to flow from the interstitial space into the blood through the subclavian vein.

Summary :

Difference between blood and lymph

Criteria	Blood	Lymph
Colour	Red due to pigment haemoglobin.	Colourless as no pigment is present.
Components	Plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.	Plasma and lymphocytes
Function	Transport of oxygen and other materials from one organ to another in the body.	Transport of materials from the tissue into the blood.
Direction of flow	It starts from the heart and flows to all tissues and then returns to the heart.	It starts from the interstitial space and flows to the blood through the subclavian vein.

b. Basophils and Eosinophils

Abundance:

$\bullet$ Basophils constitute 0.5-1 % of the total leucocytes.

$\bullet$ Eosinophils constitute 2-3% of the total leucocytes.

Nucleus :

$\bullet$ Basophils have nucleus divided into multiple lobes.

$\bullet$ Eosinophils have a nucleus divided into two lobes.

Granules:

$\bullet$ Basophils have fewer coarse granules.Their granules take basic stain (e.g., methylene blue)

$\bullet$ Eosinophils have more coarse granules when compared to basophils. Their granules take acidic stains (e.g., eosin).

Action:

$\bullet$ Basophils release heparin and histamine on activation during inflammation in the body.

$\bullet$ Eosinophils resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions.

Summary :

Difference between Basophils and Eosinophils

Criteria	Basophils	Eosinophils
Eosinophils	Basophils are the least abundant (0-1%) amongst the types of leucocytes.	Eosinophils are 2-3% amongst the type of leucocytes.
Nucleus	The nucleus is usually multi-lobed.	The nucleus is bi-lobed.
Granules	They have fewer coarse granules. Their granules take basic stain (e.g., methylene blue)	They have more coarse granules. Their granules take acidic stains (e.g., eosin).
Action	They release heparin, serotonin and histamine during inflammatory reactions.	Eosinophils resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions.

c. Tricuspid and bicuspid valve:

Location:

$\bullet$ The bicuspid valve is present in the left auriculo ventricular (A-V) aperture of the heart.

$\bullet$ Tricuspid valve is present in the right auriculoventricular (A-V) aperture of the heart.

Number of flaps or cusps:

$\bullet$ Bicuspid valve consists of two flaps with one edge attached to the left A-V aperture and the other edge lies free in the left ventricle.

$\bullet$ Tricuspid valve consists of three flaps.

Function :

$\bullet$ Bicuspid valve prevents blood from flowing backward from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

$\bullet$ Tricuspid valve prevents blood from flowing backward from the right ventricle to the right atrium

Summary:

Difference between Bicuspid and Tricuspid valve

Criteria	Tricuspid valve	Bicuspid valve
Location	A valve present between the heart's right atrium and right ventricle	A valve present between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Number of flaps or cups	It is made up of three cusps.	It is made up of two cusps.
Funcion	Prevents backward flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.	Prevents backward flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.